In all of those examples, it looks like you go to the initial given coordinates and make an observation. You are asked to identify a word that you see there (it will fill in the blanks), and based on the letters in the words, you are given corresponding numbers to use for your next stage.

For example, if you are sent to a sign that says, “LIONS TIGERS BEARS”, and the cache page shows: LIONS _ _ _ _ _ _ BEARS, you would identify the word TIGERS. Then if the cache page shows: 2 4 6 8 9 0, you would assign the 2 to the letter T, 4 to the letter I, 6 to G, 8 to E, 9 to R, and 0 to S. Then if the cache page says that the next stage can be found at: N 56˚ 4I.ERT W 103˚ 3S.GRR, you would plug in the numbers that you just figured to get the coordinates of: N 56˚ 44.892 W 103˚ 30.699.

The key to all of the examples you shared is to go to the actual locations of the given coordinates and find the words somewhere there that will fit in with the rest of what is said on the cache pages.